アイスランドのシャチと餌動物 Killer Whales and Their Prey in Iceland

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Be part of the first long-term study to investigate the diet and behavior of Iceland’s killer whales, collecting information vital to protecting this important apex predator.


Earthwatch volunteers listen for killer whale calls

Scientists have very little information about the population or feeding patterns of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Iceland. These animals play an important role in ecosystems – as top predators, they can affect the size of populations of prey species, which in turn affects the rest of the food chain. These interactions are known as trophic cascades and have the potential to reshape the environment.

Killer whale populations can vary considerably in terms of their feeding strategies, and they adapt these behaviors based on which prey are available. Some populations, for example, feed primarily on herring, while others feed on multiple species, including marine mammals such as whales and dolphins. Prey selection influences killer whale behavior, such as the way they form social groups, interactions between different animals, and their communication systems. Furthermore, prey selection can introduce other threats. For example, killer whales that feed on marine mammals or cod – species that are higher up on the food chain – are likely to consume higher levels of pollutants, which can affect their reproductive rates and the survival of their calves.

This is the first study in Iceland to assess the diet of killer whale populations in an effort to understand potential threats to the species. Data will be collected through observations of the type of prey different whales are feeding on, as well as through the collection of small samples of skin and blubber. These data enable scientists to quantify the level of pollutants in killer whales’ bodies, understand their diets, and record their genetic material.


HOW YOU WILL HELP

When you arrive, the researchers will conduct an orientation and brief you on the work you’ll be doing. Field work will begin on the second day, where you will be involved with both land and boat work. Note that boat work will depend on weather. On good weather days, a third of the volunteers will be on the water while the others will be on land conducting surveys and analyzing data. Specific activities include:

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Widescan surveys for killer whales from land (C) David Gaspard
WIDESCAN SURVEYS FOR KILLER WHALES

You will use binoculars on land to search for the presence of killer whales in the study area.

Earthwatch volunteers collect behavioral observation data (C) Filipa Samarra
BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS

On boats, you will help scientists to track and record the behavior of individual killer whales.

Preparation for and processing of biopsy samples
PREPARATION FOR AND PROCESSING OF BIOPSY SAMPLES

You will help scientists to collect small skin and blubber samples from killer whales to record their diet, pollutant levels, and genetic material.

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